Indigenous Knowledge

Ainniq 'crack in ice, lead' (North Greenlandic, Fortescue 1991)

Aajuraq  ᐋᔪᕋᖅ'ᐊᒻᒪᓂᖅ ᐅᐱᕐᖓᑦᓵᒃᑯᑦ ᐃᑭᖅᑐᓯᔪᖅ ᓄᑎᑦᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᓯᑯ 'ᐊᒻᒪᐃᓐᓇᓕᖅᓱᓂ ᐅᐱᕐᖔᒃᑯᑦ (ᓇᒡᒍᑎᕕᓂᖅ); ᓇᒡᒍᑎᑎᑐᑦ ᑭᓯᒥ ᐊᒻᒪᐃᓐᓇᓕᖅᑐᖅ ᐃᒪᖃᐃᓐᓇᓕᖅᓱᓂ ᖁᐊᖃᑦᑕᕈᓐᓃᖅᓱᓂᓗ; ᑕᐃᒪᐃᒐᔪᑦᑐᖅ ᐄᐳᓗᒥᓂ ᔫᓂᒧᓄ ammaniq upirngatsaakkut ikiqtusijuq nutitsimajuq siku ammainnaliqsuni upirngaakkut (naggutiviniq); naggutititut kisimi ammainnaliqtuq imaqainnaliqsuni quaqattarunniiqsunilu; taimaigajuttuq iipulumini juunimunu a tidal crack that stays open in the spring time (a former naggut, i.e. naggutiviniq); like a naggut but with open water remaining in the crack (i.e. it does not re-freeze); mainly occurs between April and June' (Kinngait, South Qikiqtaaluk, Kinngait Sea Ice Glossary 2023: 45) 

Imaunit ᐃᒪᐅᓂᑦ 'ice lead; passage of water between ice fields' (Aivilingmiutut, Spalding 1998: 24)

Ainniq 'a crack in sea ice, narrow in the fall but in the spring it is open, sometimes 1 to 2 ft wide; contains water and is dangerous. They widen as the ice deepens.' (Utkuhiksalingmiutut, Johns 2010: 410)

Uiñiq  'lead, open water (in ocean)' (Uummarmiutun, Lowe 1984: 47)

Qecuneq 'crack in (ocean) ice exposing open water; open lead in (sea) ice [...] < qecug2-neq' (Central Alaskan Yupik, Jacobson 2012: 549)

Western Knowledge

Lead 'Any fracture or passageway through ice which is navigable by surface vessels.' (MANICE)